Non-coercive influence: Scale development and validation based on resource and relational paradigms

To overcome competition in an increasingly network dependent market, retailers are required to influence upstream channel partners while sustaining relationships. However, the contemporary supply chain literature has not sufficiently leveraged the resource and relational paradigms to examine influence. Grounded on resource dependency theory and commitment-trust theory paradigms, this study describes conceptualization and operationalization of a 12-item scale for measuring non-coercive influence on upstream channel partners in retail supply chain management (R-SCM) context. The study is based on responses from 547 retail professionals in India obtained over four successive surveys. Psychometric properties were assessed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The proposed scale demonstrates construct validity. Invariance-testing carried out over 4-levels of increasingly demanding equivalence confirmed cross-validation. Nomological validity of the scale was tested by evaluating association with suppliers’ intention to cooperate. The results indicate existence of three dimensions of non-coercive influence: collaborative intent, market intelligence dissemination, and operational support. Retailers can use the scale to assess their personnel's non-coercive influence behavior over suppliers.     

Public perceptions of food-related risks: a cross-national investigation of individual and contextual influences

Public concerns about food risks have grown in recent decades in response to many food-related scandals. Despite some evidence that risk concerns vary across societies and risk domains, these variations remain understudied. To address this gap, this paper conducts a multi-level analysis of public concerns about biological and chemical/technical food risks in 26 European countries. Findings confirm previous work on individual predictors of risk concern and suggest that several contextual factors contribute to cross-national variations: aggregate perceptions of risks as unnatural, retail concentration in the food sector, and media coverage. The effect of institutional trust on risk concerns varies substantially across nations. Findings also reveal important differences in public concerns about biological versus chemical/technical food risks, supporting the view that food risk perception is multi-dimensional and complex.     

创业板上市公司经济绩效及影响因素

研究目标：探讨创业板上市公司经济绩效的影响因素。研究方法：基于2012~2014年创业板上市公司的面板数据,运用贝叶斯模型平均法进行实证分析。研究发现：当期及滞后一期R&D强度对经济绩效存在显著负向影响,而R&D交互作用对经济绩效具有显著正向影响;经营现金流状况、总资产周转率对经济绩效具有显著正向影响;当期广告强度只对权益报酬率具有较显著正向影响。研究创新：第一,选择商品经营、资产经营与资本经营等三个方面的经济绩效指标,分别从R&D创新、广告营销、营运管理等方面探讨经济绩效的影响因素,拓展了研究视角;第二,运用贝叶斯模型平均法研究经济绩效的影响因素,估计结果更加稳健可信,具有方法的新颖性和有效性。研究价值：本文结论对改善创业板公司的创新和经营策略具有较强的现实意义。     

An investigation of wholly‐owned foreign subsidiary control through transaction cost economics theory

This paper investigates the management control systems used by multinational corporation headquarters to control wholly‐owned foreign subsidiaries. Our theory development is based on transaction cost economics. First, we conduct a series of exploratory interviews, providing an insight into the context, and second, we provide empirical evidence based on cross‐sectional survey data. Our results indicate that activity traits (uncertainty, asset specificity and post hoc information impactedness) have significant implications on control choices, in particular the control archetype combinations chosen by headquarters, although not all results are consistent with theory predictions. Our findings are supported by extensive alternative testing.     

人民币跨境流动风险及管理

伴随我国人民币国际化进程的快速推进,人民币跨境收支规模成倍快速增长,人民币产品结构不断丰富,资金汇划途径和范围迅速扩大。其快速发展将降低我国外贸企业汇兑成本、增加人民币铸币税收益,并有效增强我国金融系统抵御风险的能力。但任何事物都具有两面性,在获得收益的同时,跨境贸易结算风险,宏观政策非独立性,汇率波动产生套利风险日益突显。因此,明晰人民币跨境流动风险,进而采取相应的政策措施趋利避害,对推动人民币跨境使用至关重要。     

Expected shortfall estimation for apparently infinite-mean models of operational risk

Statistical analyses on actual data depict operational risk as an extremely heavy-tailed phenomenon, able to generate losses so extreme as to suggest the use of infinite-mean models. But no loss can actually destroy more than the entire value of a bank or of a company, and this upper bound should be considered when dealing with tail-risk assessment. Introducing what we call the dual distribution, we show how to deal with heavy-tailed phenomena with a remote yet finite upper bound. We provide methods to compute relevant tail quantities such as the Expected Shortfall, which is not available under infinite-mean models, allowing adequate provisioning and capital allocation. This also permits a measurement of fragility. The main difference between our approach and a simple truncation is in the smoothness of the transformation between the original and the dual distribution. Our methodology is useful with apparently infinite-mean phenomena, as in the case of operational risk, but it can be applied in all those situations involving extreme fat tails and bounded support.     

Can stochastic discount factor models explain the cross-section of equity returns?

We propose a multivariate test of the capital asset pricing model (C-CAPM) of the cross-sectional variation in equity returns in which we compare cross-sectional variation in equity returns to the cross-sectional variation in their conditional covariance with stochastic discount factors. We use a multivariate generalized heteroskedasticity in mean model to estimate 25 portfolios that are formed on size and the book-to-market ratio. Each portfolio is allowed to have its own no-arbitrage condition. We find that although the conditional covariances of returns with consumption exhibit negative variation across size, they do not vary across the book-to-market ratio. Thus, C-CAPM can capture the size effect, but not the value effect. The fit is, however, improved by allowing the coefficients on the consumption covariances to be different. The value effect appears to be associated with the book-to-market ratio as well as size. On its own the book-to-market ratio does not generate additional information about average returns to C-CAPM. A possible explanation for these findings is that both small and low book-to-market ratio firms are expected to have higher rates of growth.     

我国存款准备金管理研究

由于我国存款准备金政策执行时间跨度大,管理规定繁多,核定工作流程不规范,加之自2008年起,人民银行总行授权省级人民银行核定辖内地方性法人金融机构存款准备金和财政存款交存范围等,使得准备金管理过程中诸多问题逐步显现,存在一定风险。因此,需要客观反映存款准备金管理过程中存在的问题及潜在风险,重新调整地方性法人金融机构准备金交存范围核定工作流程,并提出进一步规范我国准备金管理的有效途径。     

新型农业经营主体发展的福利效应研究

本文从收入和就业两个视角出发,基于微观调查数据,实证新型农业经营主体发展的福利效应。结果发现新型农业经营主体发展的收入效应和就业效应是显著的,即便是在控制了新型农业经营主体发展的内生性之后,新型农业经营主体发展的收入效应和就业效应仍然进一步加强。西部民族地区和非民族地区新型农业经营主体发展的福利效应是存在差异的,非民族地区新型农业经营主体发展的收入效应和就业效应要明显好于民族地区。同时,还发现性别、婚姻状况、文化程度、基础设施状况等对新型农业经营主体发展的福利效应的影响不显著,年龄、户籍状况、健康状况、家庭氛围、家中人口供养比、家庭社会资本、物流体系、金融服务、产业结构、电商平台发展以及农业技术培训等对新型农业经营主体发展的福利效应产生显著正向影响,而农业机械化发展状况和农村治安状况在收入视角和就业视角下对新型农业经营主体发展的福利效应产生截然相反的影响。